{"id":11950,"date":"2025-01-09T09:30:08","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T06:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spc-tech.ir\/articles\/"},"modified":"2025-11-22T11:14:55","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T07:44:55","slug":"articles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spc-tech.ir\/en\/articles\/","title":{"rendered":"Articles"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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About Articles<\/span><\/h2>

This list contains the publications of all members of the center.
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\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n Assistant Professor Mohamad Sadeq Karimi <\/title>\r\n <style>\r\n body {\r\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n margin: 0;\r\n padding: 0;\r\n color: #333;\r\n background: #f5f7fa;\r\n line-height: 1.6;\r\n }\r\n\r\n section {\r\n padding: 40px 20px;\r\n max-width: 1200px;\r\n margin: auto;\r\n }\r\n\r\n\r\n \/* publications Section *\/\r\n \r\n #searchBar {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n padding: 10px;\r\n margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n border: 1px solid #ccc;\r\n border-radius: 5px;\r\n }\r\n \r\n \r\n #publications {\r\n direction: ltr;\r\n text-align: left;\r\n }\r\n\r\n #publicationList {\r\n list-style: none;\r\n padding: 0;\r\n }\r\n\r\n #publicationList li {\r\n background: white;\r\n padding: 15px;\r\n margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n border-radius: 5px;\r\n box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n transition: transform 0.2s;\r\n }\r\n\r\n #publicationList li:hover {\r\n transform: translateY(-5px);\r\n box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .pagination {\r\n text-align: center;\r\n margin-top: 20px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .pagination button {\r\n padding: 10px 20px;\r\n margin: 0 5px;\r\n border: none;\r\n background-color: #F77FBE;\r\n color: white;\r\n border-radius: 5px;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n transition: background-color 0.3s;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .pagination button:disabled {\r\n background-color: #ccc;\r\n cursor: not-allowed;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .pagination button:hover:not(:disabled) {\r\n background-color: #FE28A2;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .modal-overlay {\r\n display: none;\r\n position: fixed;\r\n top: 0;\r\n left: 0;\r\n width: 100%;\r\n height: 100%;\r\n background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\r\n z-index: 999;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .modal {\r\n direction: ltr;\r\n text-align: left;\r\n display: none;\r\n position: fixed;\r\n z-index: 1000;\r\n top: 50%;\r\n left: 50%;\r\n transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n background: white;\r\n padding: 20px;\r\n border-radius: 10px;\r\n box-shadow: 0 8px 8px rgba(204, 51, 51,1);\r\n max-width: 1000px;\r\n width: 95%;\r\n }\r\n\r\n.modal h3 {\r\n font-size: 1.8rem;\r\n color: #2c3e50;\r\n margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n max-width: 90%; 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\/* \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n \r\n <\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<!--Publications -->\r\n\r\n<section id=\"publications\" style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: left;\">\r\n <input type=\"text\" id=\"searchBar\" placeholder=\"Search publications...\">\r\n <ul id=\"publicationList\"><\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"pagination\">\r\n <button id=\"prevBtn\" disabled>Previous<\/button>\r\n<button id=\"nextBtn\">Next<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"modalsContainer\"><\/div>\r\n<script>\r\n \/\/ Add publications\r\n const publications = [\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2024).Bi-Fidelity Adaptive Sparse Reconstruction of Polynomial Chaos Using Bayesian Compressive Sensing\", \r\n writer: \"Mohamad Sadeq Karimi, Ramin Mohammadi, Mehrdad Raisee\", \r\n abstract: \"In recent years, non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion (NIPCE) has gained recognition as a practical method for uncertainty quantification (UQ) in stochastic problems. However, this method suffers from the curse of dimensionality, where the computational cost of constructing the expansion increases dramatically with higher dimensions in the stochastic space. Consequently, the application of classical NIPCE in real-world industrial problems with a large number of uncertainty sources becomes unaffordable. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel efficient method for multi-fidelity sparse reconstruction of NIPCE. The developed framework incorporates a multi-task adaptive Bayesian compressive sensing (MTABCS) method into the regression-based NIPCE. In the first stage, a set of inexpensive deterministic computations is used to compress the chaos expansion by identifying the bases that strongly affect the response. Subsequently, the sparsely constructed expansion is refined using a limited number of high-fidelity computations. The sparse reconstruction and adaptive sampling features of the method significantly reduce the number of realizations required for uncertainty analysis. Moreover, at the same accuracy level, the computational workload of the sampling process decreases compared to the standard NIPCE thanks to the combination of high and low-resolution computations. The performance of the developed method was assessed using two challenging computational fluid dynamics test cases: the transonic RAE2822 airfoil and the NASA rotor 37. The investigations indicated that, in addition to a considerable reduction in computational cost, the developed method accurately reproduces the results of the classic NIPCE. The MTABCS approach reduces the computational cost of UQ analysis in the test cases by one order of magnitude compared to the standard chaos expansion method.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4755403\"\r\n }, \r\n { \r\n title: \"(2023).Robust optimization of a marine current turbine using a novel robustness criterion\", \r\n writer: \"MS Karimi, R Mohammadi, M Raisee, P Hendrick, A Nourbakhsh\", \r\n abstract: \"The present paper aims to establish a systematic robust optimization framework for the hydrodynamic performance of marine current turbines against uncertain conditions. To this end, we developed a novel robustness criterion based on the cumulative distribution function and employed an XFOIL-based blade element momentum method to predict turbine performance. The non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion was also applied for uncertainty propagation and probabilistic computations. Initially, a set of sensitivity analysis studies was conducted on a model turbine to determine the most influential parameters. The results indicated that uncertainties have a significant impact on turbine performance, even under controlled experimental conditions. In the next stage, we applied deterministic and robust optimization approaches to optimize a real-world marine turbine design under practical conditions. We utilized a hybrid evolutionary optimization algorithm based on the Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. Additionally, the novel robustness criterion was introduced to address the issues associated with conventional criteria. The robust optimization was performed independently using three criteria: the worst-case scenario, the mean value penalty, and the novel criterion. By investigating the probabilistic characteristics of the performance in the deterministic and robust optimum turbines, we demonstrated that the power generation capacity of the deterministic optimum is expectedly higher than that of the robust optimum in deterministic hypothetical conditions. However, during turbine operation in real conditions, which are accompanied by large uncertainties, the optimum design achieved using the new robustness criterion is more likely to produce greater power. Furthermore, the power variations of the turbine are more limited, indicating increased reliability and stability of the optimized design.\", \r\n journal: \"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2023.117608\",\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2022).Probabilistic CFD analysis on the flow field and performance of the FDA centrifugal blood pump\", \r\n writer: \"R Mohammadi, MS Karimi, M Raisee, M Sharbatdar\", \r\n abstract: \"The present study is set out to systematically investigate the combined impact of operational, geometrical, and model uncertainties on the hemodynamics and performance characteristics in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) benchmark centrifugal blood pump. Non-intrusive Polynomial Chaos Expansion (NIPCE) has been utilized to propagate the uncertainty of 12 random input variables in the flow field and the performance characteristics of the blood pump at three working conditions. The global sensitivity of the Quantities of Interest (QoI) to the uncertain input parameters was measured through the Sobol\u2019indices. The Multiple Reference Frames (MRF) approach and the SST k\u2212 \u03c9 turbulence model were employed to conduct the 3D CFD computations of the pump. In addition, we quantified the device-related hemolysis using the semi-empirical power-law model. The stochastic CFD results of the pump velocity field and hydraulic performance parameters showed a satisfactory agreement with measurements. Statistical analysis indicated that the effect of operational and geometrical uncertainties on the velocity field of the blood pump chiefly emerges at the outlet diffuser region, more specifically along the center-line of the fluid jet formed inside the diffuser. This study has also clarified that the uncertainties in the flow field and the hydraulic performance of the blood pump are mainly due to the variations of impeller diameter, rotational speed, radial clearance, and flow rate. By contrast, the hemolysis index is profoundly affected by the model parameters. Additionally, higher robustness against uncertainties was observed for hydraulic efficiency compared to the pump head. Eventually, it was shown that the maximum value of the distribution function of the relative hemolysis index lies within the bounds of the measurements.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apm.2022.05.016\",\r\n },\r\n \r\n { \r\n title: \"(2021).Stochastic simulation of the FDA centrifugal blood pump benchmark\", \r\n writer: \"MS Karimi, P Razzaghi, M Raisee, P Hendrick, A Nourbakhsh\", \r\n abstract: \"In the present study, the effect of physical and operational uncertainties on the hydrodynamic and hemocompatibility characteristics of a centrifugal blood pump designed by the U.S. food and drug administration is investigated. Physical uncertainties include the randomness in the blood density and viscosity, while the operational uncertainties are composed of the pump rotational speed, mass flow rate, and turbulence intensity. The non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion has been employed to conduct the uncertainty quantification analysis. Additionally, to assess each stochastic parameter\u2019s influence on the quantities of interest, the sensitivity analysis is utilized through the Sobol\u2019 indices. For numerical simulation of the pump\u2019s blood flow, the SST k-w turbulence model and a power-law model of hemolysis were employed. The pump\u2019s velocity field is profoundly affected by the rotational speed in the bladed regions and the mass flow rate in other zones. Furthermore, the hemolysis index is dominantly sensitive to blood viscosity. According to the results, pump hydraulic characteristics (i.e., head and efficiency) show a more robust behavior than the hemocompatibility characteristics (i.e., hemolysis index) regarding the operational and physical uncertainties. Finally, it was found that the probability distribution function of the hemolysis index covers the experimental measurements.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-021-01482-0\",\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2021).Efficient uncertainty quantification of CFD problems by combination of proper orthogonal decomposition and compressed sensing\", \r\n writer: \"A Mohammadi, K Shimoyama, MS Karimi, M Raisee\", \r\n abstract: \"In the current paper, an efficient surrogate model based on combination of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and compressed sensing is developed for affordable representation of high dimensional stochastic fields. In the developed method, instead of the full (or classical) Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE), the l1 minimization approach is utilized to reduce the computational work-load of the low-fidelity calculations. To assess the model capability in the real engineering problems, two challenging high-dimensional CFD test cases namely; i) turbulent transonic flow around RAE2822 airfoil with 18 geometrical uncertainties and ii) turbulent transonic flow around NASA Rotor 37 with 3 operational and 21 geometrical uncertainties are considered. Results of Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) analysis in both test cases showed that the proposed multi-fidelity approach is able to reproduce the statistics of quantities of interest with much lower computational cost than the classical regression-based PCE method. It is shown that the combination of the POD with the compressed sensing in RAE2822 and Rotor 37 test cases gives respectively computational gains between 1.26\u20137.72 and 1.79\u20139.05 times greater than the combination of the POD with the full PCE.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apm.2021.01.012\",\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2021).On the numerical simulation of a confined cavitating tip leakage vortex under geometrical and operational uncertainties\", \r\n writer: \"Mohamad Sadeq Karimi, Mehrdad Raisee, Mohamed Farhat, Patrick Hendrick, Ahmad Nourbakhsh\", \r\n abstract: \"The effects of operational and geometrical uncertainties on Tip Leakage Vortex (TLV) characteristics are investigated in the current research. Geometrical uncertainties are comprised of manufacturing tolerances or gradual geometry degradation over the time modeled by the Karhunen\u2013Lo\u00e8ve (KL) expansion. Operational uncertainties include randomness in operating temperature, inlet velocity, and pressure. These stochastic parameters are assumed to have a Beta probability distribution function with a standard deviation equal to measurement error. To perform Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) analysis, the non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion is utilized. Moreover, Sobol\u2019 indices obtain the contribution of each stochastic parameter on the quantity of interest. For numerical simulation of cavitating flow, the SST turbulence model and the Zwart mass transfer model were employed. It was observed that the cavitating tip leakage vortex flow as well as the lift and drag coefficients are profoundly affected by geometrical and operational uncertainties, which can also describe the discrepancies between numerical and experimental results. For instance, the deviation of vortices circulation, vortex core streamwise velocity, lift, and drag coefficients are more than 25%, 30%, 40%, and 70% of their mean value, respectively. Furthermore, results showed that the characteristics of TLV, like circulation and velocity field, are mostly influenced by operational uncertainties, while the vortex core position and viscous core radius are affected by geometrical randomness, specifically gap distance.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compfluid.2021.104881\",\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2021).Robust optimization of turbomachines using efficient methods\", \r\n writer: \"MS Karimi\", \r\n abstract: \"Robust optimization has been developed to control the sensitivity of optimal design performance against deviations imposed by the system design conditions.In fact, a product designed using robust optimization techniques can withstand the uncertainties in operational conditions, physical properties, geometrical characteristics, etc.This means that robust optimization increases the probability of achieving the expected performance, even under the inevitable uncertainties.Like many industrial applications, uncertainties generally present in turbomachines.Turbomachines are used in a wide range of industries, and their performance is considerably affected by the large uncertainties in their operational and geometrical conditions. Meanwhile, the investigations on the robust optimization of turbomachines are so limited.The main challenges in achieving a robust optimization of turbomachines are the high computational cost of the procedure and methods for assessing the robustness of system performance.Accordingly, the current thesis is aimed at, firstly, representing the importance of robust optimization in turbomachines, and secondly, developing the required tools to achieve this goal.Robust optimization is carried out by coupling both optimization and uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods.Therefore, it is highly appreciated to use a combination of efficient algorithms for optimization and UQ to reduce computational costs.It should be noted that several optimization methods with acceptable performance have been developed by researchers.On the other hand, uncertainty quantification has been recently utilized in engineering problems, and it needs more attention for developing efficient methods.Therefore, to reduce the computational cost of robust optimization, this study focuses on developing efficient methods of uncertainty quantification.Simple uncertainty quantification procedures such as sampling methods have a low convergence rate. To overcome this issue, some approaches have been developed, such as full polynomials chaos expansion. However, this method lacks the required efficiency when utilized in robust optimization problems with large stochastic spaces, like engineering applications.To increase the performance of the mentioned method, a compressive sensing framework based on Bayesian theory, which has the inherent ability of adaptive and multi-fidelity sampling, has been applied for probabilistic study in the current thesis. The method is applied to challenging test cases of turbomachines. Then, its accuracy and efficiency are investigated by comparing the results with the full polynomial chaos expansion method. It is well shown that the computational gain of the presented approach is significant in the problems faced with the curse of dimensionality.Afterward, using the developed method, the physics of cavitating tip leakage vortex is investigated under uncertainties. The results clarified that the operational and geometrical uncertainties lead to undeniable variations in the vortex flow characteristics, and ignoring such uncertainties leads to inaccurate flow analysis.As discussed, the second challenge of robust optimization is developing assessment techniques to investigate system behavior's robustness. To this end, there are some standard criteria that generally use a number of statistical characteristics of the system performance.This issue makes these criteria impotent to provide a comprehensive assessment of product performance.Accordingly, the current thesis introduces a new criterion based on the cumulative distribution function of the stochastic quantity of interest.At first, the capability of the introduced criterion in finding the robust optimal point is proved by comparing the results given by the novel and common criteria in a number of analytical test functions.This introduced technique is then used for robust optimization of marine current turbine performance \u2013 as the first turbomachinery cases. Marine turbines convert free stream kinetic energy into power. Their operating conditions are associated with large uncertainties, and thus, the generated power of the deterministic optimum turbine, as expected, deals with large variations.Our study showed that the obtained robust optimum turbine has smaller variations, and the system performance will be more stable than the deterministic optimum case. Moreover, the possibility of producing greater power is higher in robust optimum turbine design.The methods developed in the current study have also been utilized for obtaining a robust optimum design of the internal cooling system of C3X, a well-known gas turbine vane. Accordingly, the blade's temperature field of robust optimum design is compared with the baseline and deterministic optimum blades.Results showed that, although the maximum temperature of the deterministic optimum blade is less than that of robust optimum design on average, the high sensitivity of the deterministic design against the presence of uncertainties leads to a considerable variation on its temperature field. Accordingly, the robust optimum design of the blade internal cooling channels is more efficient.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/difusion.ulb.ac.be\/vufind\/Record\/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013\/333300\/Holdings\"\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2021).Robust optimization of the NASA C3X gas turbine vane under uncertain operational conditions\", \r\n writer: \"Mohamad Sadeq Karimi, Mehrdad Raisee, Saeed Salehi, Patrick Hendrick, Ahmad Nourbakhsh\", \r\n abstract: \"The aim of the current paper is the robust optimization of an internally cooled gas turbine vane by increasing the cooling performance and decreasing the sensitivity of the performance against operational uncertainties. The basic geometry of the C3X vane cooling system consists of ten circular channels for reducing the heat load. The numerical analysis is performed using the conjugate heat transfer methodology and the v2-f turbulence model to minimize the simulation error. The operational conditions are considered to be uncertain with Beta probability distribution functions. For quantification of the uncertainties, the polynomial chaos method is used. The main objective of the present study is to increase the blade life span through the minimization of the vane maximum temperature and maximum temperature gradient. To this end, both deterministic and robust optimizations are carried out via a hybrid evolutionary algorithm. The deterministic optimum blade yields lower maximum temperature and temperature gradients. The optimization results clearly show that the robust optimum design is less sensitive to the operational uncertainties, and the maximum blade temperature and temperature gradient are still remarkably lower than the corresponding values of the baseline C3X vane configuration.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120537\", \r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2019).Probabilistic CFD computations of gas turbine vane under uncertain operational conditions\", \r\n writer: \"MS Karimi, S Salehi, M Raisee, P Hendrick, A Nourbakhsh\", \r\n abstract: \"The stochastic computations of a NASA gas turbine vane are conducted to investigate the effects of the operational uncertainties on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the NASA C3X blade. The blade contains ten internal cooling channels to remove heat load. In order to minimize the analysis error the full conjugate heat transfer methodology has been employed to simulate the behavior of external hot gas flows, internal cooling air passages and the solid blade simultaneously. The v2-f turbulence model is used and it is shown the predicted results are in acceptable agreement with the available experimental data. Total pressure, total temperature, turbulence intensity, turbulent length-scale of the inlet and the outlet static pressure are assumed to be stochastic with Beta probability distribution functions. The effects of these uncertainties on flow and thermal fields as well as the blade temperature distribution are studied. The polynomial chaos method with polynomials order p=3 is used to quantify the effects of operational uncertainties. The non-deterministic CFD results are found to be in close agreement with the experimental data. Uncertainties specially in inlet total temperature and turbulent length-scale play key roles on the hydrodynamic and thermal fields around the airfoil also the turbine vane temperature distribution.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.072\"\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2015).Investigation of magnetic field effect on pulsatile blood flow through the atherosclerotic right coronary artery\", \r\n writer: \"Siavash Ghaffari, Mohammad Sadegh Karimi and Seyed Ali Madani Tonekaboni\", \r\n abstract: \"In the present work, flow characteristics of blood flow in the atherosclerotic right coronary artery in the presence of bi-directional magnetic field are investigated with numerical methods. The right coronary artery is one of two blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Blockage of any branch of the coronary arteries causes death of a portion of the heart. A mathematical modelling is applied to analyse the pulsatile blood flow. Transient Navier-Stokes equations in 2D idealised arterial models of a bending artery coupled with Maxwell's equations for obtaining effect of magnetic field are discretised using the finite-volume method and solved by SIMPLE algorithm in curvilinear coordinate. The magnetic field is applied in both x and y directions. The amount of wall shear stress on the surface of atherosclerotic plaque is obtained for various times, and different states of magnetic field. Therefore, it is observed that how magnetic field modifies the flow patterns and decreases the destructive effects of atherosclerotic plaque.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/PCFD.2015.070438\"\r\n },\r\n \r\n { \r\n title: \"(2013).Effect of Magnetic Field on Temperature Distribution in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Under Non-Newtonian Blood Flow Condition\", \r\n writer: \"MS Karimi, SM Jebeli\", \r\n abstract: \"Activated inflammatory cells placed in atherosclerotic plaques release heat while the plaque is cooled by blood flow. Temperature heterogeneity in plaque can cause thermal stress, and speeds up plaque growth or rupture process. By means of numerical methods, this paper investigates arterial wall temperature distribution of atherosclerotic Right Coronary with non-Newtonian blood flow in the presence of multi-directional magnetic field. The rheology of the flowing blood is modeled by a generalized Power law model. An advanced algorithm with coupled FEM-FVM is used to determine temperature distribution inside the artery. Transient Navier-Stokes and energy equations in 2D idealized arterial model of a bending artery coupled with Maxwell's equations are discretized using the Finite-Volume Method and solved by SIMPLE algorithm in curvilinear coordinate to analyze pulsatile blood flow, whereas the transient heat conduction equation in the plaque is solved simultaneously with these equations using Finite-Element Method. The plaque temperature and Nusselt Number at the plaque\/lumen interface is obtained for various moments of cardiac cycle and different Power law indices (n) within different states of magnetic field to investigate influence of both imposed electromagnetic force and blood viscosity on cooling effect of blood. It is observed that how blood dilution along with the presence of magnetic field modifies the temperature heterogeneity of plaque and decreases probability of its rupture.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1166\/asem.2013.1431\"\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2013).Effect of magnetic field on temperature distribution of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery under pulsatile blood flow condition\", \r\n writer: \"S Ghaffari, S Alizadeh, MS Karimi\", \r\n abstract: \"Temperature heterogeneity in plaque containing inflammatory cells can cause thermal stress, and speeds up plaque growth or rupture process. Activated inflammatory cells embedded in plaques release heat while the plaque is cooled by blood flow. In the present work, arterial wall temperature distribution of atherosclerotic Right Coronary in the presence of external uniform and multi-directional magnetic field is investigated by numerical methods. The magnetic field is applied in both x and y directions. An advanced coupled FEM\u2013FVM algorithm is used to determine temperature distribution inside the artery. Transient Navier\u2013Stokes and energy equations in 2D idealized arterial model of a bending artery coupled with Maxwell's equations are discretized using the Finite-Volume Method and solved by SIMPLE algorithm in curvilinear coordinate to analyze pulsatile blood flow, whereas the transient heat conduction equation in the plaque is solved simultaneously with these equations using Finite-Element Method. The plaque temperature, Nusselt Number and heat flux at the plaque\/lumen interface is obtained for various moments of cardiac cycle and different states of magnetic field to investigate influence of produced electromagnetic force on the cooling effect of blood. It is observed that how magnetic field modifies the temperature heterogeneity of plaque and decreases probability of rupture of Atherosclerotic plaque.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2012.09.001\"\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2012).Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of non-Newtonian Blood Flow in Atherosclerosis Coronary Artery: the Effect of Magnetic Field\", \r\n writer: \"S Ghaffari, S Alizadeh, MS Karimi\", \r\n abstract: \"Temperature heterogeneity in plaque containing inflammatory cells can cause thermal stress, and accelerates rupture process. Activated inflammatory cells embedded in plaques release heat while the plaque is cooled by blood flow. In the present work, arterial wall temperature distribution of atherosclerotic Right Coronary in the presence of external uniform and multi-directional magnetic field is investigated by numerical methods. The rheology of the flowing blood is modeled by a generalized Power law model. An advanced coupled FEM-FVM algorithm is used to determine temperature distribution inside the artery. Transient Navier-Stokes and energy equations in 2D idealized arterial model of a bending artery coupled with Maxwell's equations are discretized using the Finite-Volume Method and solved by SIMPLE algorithm in curvilinear coordinate to analyze pulsatile blood flow, whereas the transient heat conduction equation in the plaque is solved simultaneously with these equations using Finite-Element Method. The plaque temperature, Nusselt Number and heat flux at the plaque\/lumen interface is obtained for different states of magnetic field and different Power law indices (n) to investigate influence of produced electromagnetic force and blood viscosity on the cooling effect of blood. It is observed that how magnetic field and blood dilution modifies the temperature heterogeneity of plaque and decreases probability of rupture of Atherosclerotic plaque.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2012APS..DFDD16007G\/abstract\"\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2012).Numerical Investigation of Non-Newtonian Pulsatile Blood Flow in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery\", \r\n writer: \"S Ghaffari, A Saeedmanesh, MS Karimi\", \r\n abstract: \"In the present work, flow characteristics of non-Newtonian blood flow in the atherosclerotic Right Coronary Artery are investigated by numerical methods. The rheology of the flowing blood is modeled by a generalized Power law model. Plaque deposits can rupture and break away, traveling downstream to lodge in a smaller artery and block blood flow to the different parts of the body. A mathematical modeling is applied to analyze the pulsatile blood flow. Transient Navier-Stokes equations in 2D idealized arterial model of a bending artery are discretized using the finite volume method and solved by SIMPLE algorithm in curvilinear coordinate to investigate influence of blood viscosity on plaque's wall shear stress. Shear stress plays an important role in the rupture of the plaque. The amount of wall shear stress on the surface of atherosclerotic plaque is obtained for various times, and different Power law indices (n). It is observed that how blood dilution modifies the flow patterns and decreases the destructive effects of Atherosclerotic plaque.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1166\/asl.2012.3274\"\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2012).Effect of Non-Newtonian Pulsatile Blood Flow on Temperature Distribution in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery\", \r\n writer: \"S Ghaffari, S Alizadeh, MS Karimi\", \r\n abstract: \"Activated inflammatory cells placed in atherosclerotic plaques release heat while the plaque is cooled by blood flow. Temperature heterogeneity in plaque can cause thermal stress, and speeds up plaque growth or rupture process. In the present work, arterial wall temperature distribution of atherosclerotic Right Coronary with non-Newtonian blood flow is investigated by numerical methods. The rheology of the flowing blood is modeled by a generalized Power law model. An advanced algorithm with coupled FEM-FVM is used to determine temperature distribution inside the artery. Transient Navier-Stokes and energy equations in 2D idealized arterial model of a bending artery are discretized using the Finite-Volume Method and solved by SIMPLE algorithm in curvilinear coordinate to analyze pulsatile blood flow, whereas the transient heat conduction equation in the plaque is solved simultaneously with these equations using Finite-Element Method. The plaque temperature, Nusselt Number and heat flux at the plaque\/lumen interface is obtained for various moments of cardiac cycle and different Power law indices (n) to investigate influence of blood viscosity on cooling effect of blood. It is observed that how blood dilution modifies the temperature heterogeneity of plaque and decreases probability of rupture of Atherosclerotic plaque.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1166\/asl.2012.2153\"\r\n },\r\n { \r\n title: \"(2011).Numerical Investigation of Non-Newtonian Pulsatile Blood Flow in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery\", \r\n writer: \"S Ghaffari, A Saeedmanesh, MS Karimi\", \r\n abstract: \"In the present work, flow characteristics of non-Newtonian blood flow in the atherosclerotic Right Coronary Artery are investigated by numerical methods. The rheology of the flowing blood is modeled by a generalized Power law model. Plaque deposits can rupture and break away, traveling downstream to lodge in a smaller artery and block blood flow to the different parts of the body. A mathematical modeling is applied to analyze the pulsatile blood flow. Transient Navier-Stokes equations in 2D idealized arterial model of a bending artery are discretized using the finite volume method and solved by SIMPLE algorithm in curvilinear coordinate to investigate influence of blood viscosity on plaque\u2019s wall shear stress. Shear stress plays an important role in the rupture of the plaque. The amount of wall shear stress on the surface of atherosclerotic plaque is obtained for various times, and different Power law indices (n). It is observed that how blood dilution modifies the flow patterns and decreases the destructive effects of Atherosclerotic plaque.\", \r\n journal:\"https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/70614155\/Numerical_Investigation_of_Non-Newtonian20210929-20179-1ht2c20.pdf?1632961168=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DNumerical_Investigation_of_Non_Newtonian.pdf&Expires=1735123805&Signature=GPVMVJUdbir7vfzU7dxD3qgvhC~3wOJmAPn~KeuY1SP4x-EVnN5jprml2tKzhCnWALdGJ~rQ392OY4BJoteK5e7i6x8lFxzEt7-KrA0rparMhsbtujX0Nrj-YJRYRbE9-40KctjuSvte1ejtyC83sQx5f7zla5dKqig0ZXZFfr5MPboug-5CQo6w4bQYBRD1iZsPNUGu7aXMD3N2HBagF1hDDiJYOZuDdo4jeEdQq0m-I6z3LCg-pRBfnV898XXevMMujInng7o2i~DGHB0KA5~RHMQjCH7n7upSvu-jg-Hc-yvesDn1WAcDklKKYN3yaGMz~SBfVbNv4KX1hKvfRQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA\"\r\n } \r\n ];\r\n\r\n const itemsPerPage = 10;\r\n let currentPage = 0;\r\n\r\n const publicationList = document.getElementById('publicationList');\r\n const searchBar = document.getElementById('searchBar');\r\n const 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